Interview Questions/SQL/Primary Department for Each Employee

Primary Department for Each Employee

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Medium

Primary Department for Each Employee

A company tracks which departments each employee belongs to. Some employees work in multiple departments - for those, one department is marked as their primary department (primary_flag = 'Y'). Employees who belong to only one department don't need a primary flag. Write a SQL query to report the primary department for each employee. If an employee belongs to only one department, report that department. (employee_id, department_id) is the primary key.

Examples

Example 1

Employee 1 → dept 2 (primary). Employee 2 → dept 1 (primary). Employee 3 → dept 3 (only one dept). Employee 4 → dept 3 (primary).

Approach hint

Start with a simple approach, explain the trade-off, then move toward a cleaner or more scalable solution.

Common mistake

Skipping assumptions, edge cases, or trade-offs can make an otherwise good answer feel incomplete.

query.sql